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The Iran Reversal — The record

Reporting and findings

  1. documented

    At Trump's order, U.S. Central Command struck Iran's Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan nuclear facilities with cruise missiles and fourteen GBU-57 bombs.

  2. documented

    The Defense Department states the operation occurred on the President's orders.

People and organizations

Relationships in this file

Money trail

  1. public costModeled FY2025 operation and related-defense cost, lowApproximately $2.039 billion (low scenario)
    Estimated public spending source
    United States taxpayers
    Loss or cost borne by
    United States Department of Defense
    estimated · 2025-10-07 · observedRead source record
    Calculation detailsPopulation United States taxpayers; United States Central Command; IAEA safeguards and inspectors; Iranian publicPeriod 2025-06-13 to 2025-06-24Basis Use Costs of War Table 4 lower bound for strike operations, preparations, Al Udeid defense, and THAAD defense of Israel; do not present as direct-strike-only cost.Limits Open-source unit-cost model; includes related defenses and excludes classified or unavailable costs.
  2. public costModeled FY2025 operation and related-defense cost, highApproximately $2.255 billion (high scenario)
    Estimated public spending source
    United States taxpayers
    Loss or cost borne by
    United States Department of Defense
    estimated · 2025-10-07 · observedRead source record
    Calculation detailsPopulation United States taxpayers; United States Central Command; IAEA safeguards and inspectors; Iranian publicPeriod 2025-06-13 to 2025-06-24Basis Use Costs of War Table 4 upper bound for the same cost population as the low scenario; never add the scenarios.Limits Open-source unit-cost model; high scenario is an alternative, not incremental spending.