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Brown estimates at least $4.7 billion for Venezuela, Caribbean and eastern Pacific operations

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Hanna Homestead and Jennifer Kavanagh estimated at least $4.7 billion for Operations Southern Spear and Absolute Resolve from August 1, 2025 through March 31, 2026. The partial estimate includes naval, aircraft, special operations, ancillary raid and vessel-strike costs, and excludes long-term veterans benefits.

Homestead and Kavanagh report that Trump authorized Operation Absolute Resolve after the 2025 military buildup around Venezuela.

Date
2026-04-23
Evidence status
Attributed estimate; period and accounting scope stated in each measure
Current status
Attributed estimate; period and accounting scope stated in each measure

The ledger

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