Budgetary Costs of Operations in Venezuela and Caribbean (full paper)

Reporting cited here

1. reported

   Homestead and Kavanagh report that Trump authorized Operation Absolute Resolve after the 2025 military buildup around Venezuela.

   Pages 1–2, operation origins and authorization

   Brown estimates at least $4.7 billion for Venezuela, Caribbean and eastern Pacific operations · Attributed estimate; period and accounting scope stated in each measure